Category Archives: Video

Understanding SCTE-35

Posted on February 24, 2014 by Moto

Introduction SCTE-35 is a standard to signal an advertisement (ad) insertion opportunity in a transport stream. This relatively short standard document is, however, difficult to understand without the insight of ad insertion workflow. This article explains the standard text with … Continue reading →

Posted in Video | Tagged , , | 27 Comments

Make your first HEVC stream

Posted on November 4, 2012 by Moto

This article shows how to encode your video with HM (HEVC Test Model (HM)), the reference implementation developed by the standard organizations. HM is provided as a source code so that we can build on various platforms. But let’s focus … Continue reading →

Posted in Video | Tagged , , | 134 Comments

Find the MPEG output order from decoding order

Posted on November 3, 2012 by Moto

Suppose there is a MPEG picture sequence and you know the decoding order. How do you get the output order (=presentation order)? Assuming every picture is a frame structure, we can use the following method. Imagine a ditch. Only I … Continue reading →

Posted in Video | Tagged , , , , , | 2 Comments

HEVC – What are CTU, CU, CTB, CB, PB, and TB?

Posted on October 28, 2012 by Moto

HEVC, also known as H.265 or MPEG-H part 2(ISO/IEC 23008-2), is just around the corner. A good overview was published. The reference implementation is available. Active discussion can be read in the JCT-VC document management system. The Final Draft International … Continue reading →

Posted in Video | Tagged , , , , , , , | 27 Comments

HRD Emulator in HTML5

Posted on March 21, 2012 by Moto

Just like MPEG-2 video uses VBV (Video Buffer Verifier), H.264 standard uses HRD (Hypothetical Reference Decoder) to define correctness of streams. One of the verification provided by HRD is CPB buffer fullness. The idea is simple; feed H.264 stream to HRD … Continue reading →

Posted in Video | Tagged , , , , | 1 Comment

TTML, DFXP and SMPTE-TT

Posted on December 15, 2011 by Moto

TTML is a new way to put text (caption and/or subtitle) in Web video. The standard is published by W3C (http://www.w3.org/TR/ttaf1-dfxp/). It’s a lengthy standard – it could be difficult to answer even simple questions like these. What does it … Continue reading →

Posted in Video | Tagged , , , | 11 Comments

Understand H.264 Time Code

Posted on January 30, 2011 by Moto

SMPTE12M specifies time code counting rules only for broadcast frame rates such as 29.97 fps. We can calculate the timing information from time code with the knowledge of frame rate and the time code counting rule in use. Generally speaking, … Continue reading →

Posted in Video | Tagged , , , | 2 Comments

Buffering delay and MPEG-2 Transport stream

Posted on April 19, 2010 by Moto

As we discussed in the previous post “What are CBR, VBV, and CPB?”, video decoder has a buffer to compensate the different coded size of each picture. Here is the actual example of the buffer occupancy of a MPEG-2 video … Continue reading →

Posted in Video | 8 Comments

What are CBR, VBV and CPB?

Posted on April 19, 2010 by Moto

It’s common mistake to to consider CBR (Constant Bit Rate) as “every frame is allocated the same number of bits”. If it were the case, then what would be the purpose of P or B frames? The whole purpose of … Continue reading →

Posted in Video | 8 Comments

Rendering intent

Posted on November 9, 2009 by Moto

As you’ve probably already noticed, this and the previous constant luminance post are based on the book: “DITITAL VIDEO AND HDTV Algorithm and Interfaces” Charles Ponyton. I’m studying this book and summarizing what I learn for my educational purpose. http://www.amazon.com/Digital-Video-HDTV-Algorithms-Interfaces/dp/1558607927/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1257694518&sr=8-1 … Continue reading →

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